Historical Kinds and the "Special Sciences"
نویسنده
چکیده
I do not believe there are any "special sciences" in Fodor's sense. I think that there is a large group of sciences I will call them "historical sciences" that differ fundamentally from the physical sciences because they quantify over a different kind of natural or real kind than do the physical sciences. Moreover, the laws, or better, the generalizations, that these kinds support are not exceptionless. But heterogeneity is not characteristic of these generalizations. Indeed, I argue, the idea that there could be an univocal empirical science that ranged over multiple realizations of a functional property is quite problematic. For example, if psychological predicates name multiply realized functionalist properties, then there can be no single science that deals with all items having these properties: human psychology, ape psychology, Martian psychology and robot psychology are necessarily different sciences.
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